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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

O. G. YOUNG. ELECTRIC ABC LAMP.

N0. 451,101. Patented Apr. 28, 1891.

a m Chmks 6.131%.

QQAQTWL (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

G. G. YOUNG.

. ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

No. 451,101. Patented Apr. 28, 1891.

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$4M, $111155 attozwu (No Model.) a Sheets-Sheet a.

- C. G. YOUNG.

S- S a e 7 i I Y Wvenbo'z 1mm my 5 T2, 011011165 fljolmg UNITED STATESPATENT. OFFICE.

CHARLES GRIFFITH YOUNG, OF NEWV YORK, N. Y.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 451,101, dated April28, 1891. Application filed January 8, 1889. Serial No. 295,331. (Nomodel.)

To all whom it may concern:

- Be it known that I, CHRALES GRIFFITH YOUNG, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and a resident of New York, in the county of New I orkand Stateof New York, have invented certa1n new and useful Electric-Arc Lamps, ofwhich the following is a specification.

My lnvention relates to that class of electric-arc lamps in Which carbonsticks or pen- CllS are employed and a feed movement of the upper pencilor crayon is permitted as the carbons consume by the electric current.In constructing lamps of this character it has been usual to employ atube extending upward from the lamp-case to provide a protection for afeed rod or carrier to which the carbon pencil or rod is attached.

One of the objects of my invention is to do away with this tube by soconstructing the lamp as to render it unnecessary to employa long rod orcarrier for attachment of the carbon. By my construction I am enabled toproduce a lamp shorter and smaller in every respect than the forms cflamp in ordinary use, while at the same time preserving the capacity ofthe lamp for use on ordinary arelight circuits.

A further object of my invention is to provide a lamp which shallrequire no hood, but shall be absolutely weather-tight in allsituations, and which shall further be equally adapted to indoor oroutdoor use.

My invention relates, also, to the feeding and supporting mechanism forthe carbon, the object in the construction devised by me being to securea prompt and certain movement of the carbon in the operations of formingthe are, feeding, and compensating for fluctuations in the strength ofcurrent.

Other features of my improved lamp are the means for protecting andguiding the upper carbon as it feeds; the means for closing the top ofthe lamp-globe, so as to exclude insects and dirt; the construction ofcombined globeholder and ash-cup, whereby the possibility of ashesfalling out while the lamp either indoors or outdoors is in use isovercome; the

special provision for hanging the lamp, and

other features of construction whereby the appearance and thecompactness of the lamp are improved, its action rendered certain andregular, breakage of the carbon prevented, and facility of trimmingattained.

The special features of improvement con stituting my invention I willnow proceed to describe in connection with the accompanying drawings,forming a part of this specification, and will then particularly specifyin the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section through theupper portion of the lamp, part of the mechanism being shown in sideelevation. Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the casing of the lamp,taken at right angles to that of Fig. 1, the mechanism being shown inedge view. Fig. 3 is a plan of the lamp mechanism, the parts being shownin cross-section on the line X X, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a vertical sectionthrough the globe, ash-holder, and protective cap of the upper portionof the globe, the other parts being shown in section.

A indicates the top plate of the lamp, provided with a hook B forhanging the same and with a depending flange or water-shed O exterior tothe usual casing D,the upper end of which latter passes up beneath theflange C, so as to thoroughly protect the works of the lamp against thedanger of Wet or moisture introduced through the top of the casing. Theplate A is preferably made of some metal and carries depending posts orrods of any suitable constructiomwhich support the bottom plate E. Uponthe plate E are mounted the magnets G and frame F, which carries thefeed-regulating mechanism. The magnets G are the usual derived-circuitmagnets of an electric-arc lamp. Magnets H, secured to a plate which issupported from or forms a part of the upper plate A, are the usualmain-circuit magnets of the electric lamp, and serve, when the lamp isstarted, to lift the upper carbon to form the are. The magnets H G arethe usual double-spool magnets, each of which has a core II or K K,suchcores being connected by the usual or proper cross head or piece L.

At M is indicated a spool of plain platinum wire or other artificialresistance, which is thrown into a branch circuit when the lamp isthrown out of action after the manner well understood in the art.

The upper or positive carbon rod or pencil of the lamp is indicated atN. The carbon is supported by the usual clamping devices (indicated at0) from a weight P, of any suitable material, preferably a gaodconductor, which weight moves and is guided in a tube R, extending down,as indicated in Fig. 4, nearly to the upper edge of the lamp-globe S.The tube R not only guides the weight P,but protects the carbon pencil Nfrom any possible breakage, and with the cap or cover plate T, passingor supported from its lower end, thoroughly covers the mouth of theglobe S, so as to effectually prevent the introduction ofdirt,insects,or other foreign matter. The rod R has a slot in its side,as indicated at V, through which passes the clamping-screw for securingthe upper carbon N to its holder.

The clamping-screw is provided with a proper handle \V, as indicated,and said screw, in connection with the slotted tube R, serves to preventthe turning of the weight V and the carbon rod as they feed downward,The inner surfaces of the tube are large, and may serve to assist inconveying the electric current to the weight and carbon-lamp, providedsaid weight be made to slide rather closely in said tube. The surfaces,being thoroughly protected, are not affected by dirt, as is commonly thecase.

The carbon rod and weight P are sustained by a band or ribbon A whichpasses vertically up over a movable pulley B and returns downwardly uponthe-opposite side of said pulley to connect with a drum 0 that isrelatively fixed, and is for such purpose mounted on a frame-work Fbelow the pulley. The band or ribbon is wound upon said drum. The bandor ribbon A is made of copper in order to form an excellent. connectionto the positive carbon of the lamp and to give flexibilityin positionswhere the lamp is subjected to jar, thus causing a much steadieroperation of the light. The pulley B is mounted to turn in a lever Dprovided with the usual retracting-weight E and connected by a rod Fwith the crossbar L, to which the cores of the magnets are secured. Thelever D sustains the relation to the mechanism of the ordinarycarbon-lifting or arc-forming lever in electric-arc lamps, inasmuch aswhen said lever is lifted or turned by the action of the main-circuitmagnets it serves to raise the upper carbon-carrier to form the arc andalso determines the positionof the carbon-carrier when the lightingcurrent fluctuates in strength.

The drum C connects by a suitable reducing-gear train mounted in theframe F with a detent-wheel G a detent of which, also mounted in theframe, is indicated at H The position of the detent-lever and itsengagement with the detent-lever B are determined by the position of thelever D which by means of a depending rod or arm I may engage with theheel or extension of the detentlever ll \Vhen no current is passingthrough the lamp, the weight of the cores for the magnets depresses thelever D and raises the detent H out of engagement with the detent orstop wheel, thus permitting the drum C to revolve freely and allow theweight D to fall, carrying with it the upper carbon into contact withthe lower carbon.

It will be understood that the lamp mechanism is connected with thepositive pole of the circuit, as usual in the art, so that current isconveyed to the weight P through the strap or ribbon A In the operationof the lamp the lever D is raised at the start, and, lifting the pulleyB raises the weight P and the upper carbon. At the beginning of themovement of the lever it may move a short distance before the liftingmovement takes place,inasmuch as a little movement is required beforethe arm I frees the detent II? sufficiently to engage with or stop therotation of the wheel G Until this occurs the band A will be wound offof the drum C Then, however, the movement of the lever D is carriedsufficiently far to stop the wheel G then the end of the ribbon which isconnected to the drum being held fast the pulley will rise and lift theweight P. The movement produced under this condition of the parts willobviously give a double motion to the weight P after the well-knownprinciple of a movable pulley. In the same manner the lowering of theweight and carbon will take place at double the speed of the pulley whenthe current fluctuates. Hence there is produced a quick movement of theparts both in establishing the arc and in feeding downward or incompensating for fluctuations of the current, and a quick and reliableaction of the devices is the result.

After the establishment of the are the derived-circuit magnet Ggradually acquires a superior power, as well understood, and lowers thelever D thus compensating for the burning away of the carbons untilfinally the detent H frees the detent-wheel G and the weightP is free tofeed the carbon downward. In practice I make the weight of the part Pand the carbon-clamping devices 0 very large in proportion to thegreatest weight of the carbon pencil. By this means I more readilyovercome any slight friction, and I moreover obtain a length of arewhich is practically the same during the whole period of burning,inasmuch as the differences in weight of the combined carbon andattached parts is proportionately very little less after the carbon isburned out than it is when the carbon is complete. Hence no practicalchange in the adjustment of the lamp occurs during operation, as is thecase with many forms of lamp where the differences in the weight uponthe carbon-sustaining lever at different times give rise to adisturbance of adjustment and an increase in the length of are as thecarbon rod wears away.

It will of course be understood that the drum 0 is provided with anyordinary take up spring for winding up the slack of the ribbon when theweight and the carbon-holder or clamp are raised at the time of theinsertion of afresh carbon.

The rods which sustain the lower carbon are indicated at 1 and areattached at their upper ends to the top plate A in any suitable orproper manner. These rods pass down within the lamp-globe S, asindicated in Fig. 4, so that contact of the globe with the carbons isentirely prevented.-

The wires which lead current to the lamp are connected to the-.binding-posts K K mounted in the lower plate of the lamp in any propermanner. One of these binding-posts, which is the positive binding-postof the lamp, is in electrical contact with the lower plate and frame ofthe lamp, as usual in the art. The other, which serves for theattachment of the negative wire, is insulated from such plate.

When the lamp is suspended by the hook B out of doors, the circuit orleading wires to the lamp are carried down the outside of the tube orcasing and are attached to the binding-posts K K in the usual manner.Being supported under the lamp, they may be protected from injury andmay be readily inspected. The casing D is preferably continued downwardbelow the lower plate to assist in this protection.

When it is desired to suspend the lamp in a room, for instance, directlyby the wires conveyin g current thereto, I pass such wires down throughopenings in the top plate A and attach them to binding-posts M M alsosupported on the lower plate of the lamp and corresponding to the postsK K In fact, the binding-posts may be upon opposite ends of the samespindle, as clearly shown. The wires pass through the upper plateAthrough openings which are normally closed tightly by blocks or plugs LL These blocks or plugs are kept in place when the lamp is used out ofdoors, so that the lamp is thoroughly protected from moisture. When thelamp is to be used indoors, all that is required is to remove the blocksL L and introduce the sup.- porting-wires through the openings, so thatthey will be outof sight.

The lower-carbon holder is of any suitable construction, and issupported by the crossbar P connecting the rods A The ash cup orreceiver is indicated at R and is supported from the cross-bar P by abayonet-joint, catch, or other device, the pins of which are indicatedat S The ash cup or receiver likewise supports the globe S, as clearlyshown, the lower edge of the globe resting upon an annular seat orflange T and being secured in place by the usual screws or pins. Theash-cup is thus thoroughly closed at its top by the globe, and thepossibility of the ashes blowing out by becoming displaced while thelamp is in use is entirely avoided. It will be seen, further, that onremoving the common twelve-inch carbons will last about twelve hours, sothat it is possible to do away with the ordinary double or duplex lamps.

For the purpose of automatically cutting out the lamp in case the carbonshould fail to feed or in case the main-circuit magnet should lose itspower, so that its core will fall away, I provide the cut-out spring,(indicated at \V,) which is arranged in the path of the cross-bar L andis supported upon a post of the lamp, .as shown. The cross-bar L beingconnected to the positive wire of the lamp and the spring to thenegative side of the lamp through the resistance M, it is obvious thatthe closure of the contact will cutout the lamp and substitute aresistance therefor, thus preserving the circuit for other lamps used inseries with the lamp cut-out.

What I claim as my invention is 1. In an electric-arc lamp, thecombination, substantially as described, with the upper carbon, of amovable pulley, a lever carrying said pulley and connected with theliftingmagnet of the lamp, a drum mounted on stationary supports belowthe pulley, a detentwheel geared to said drum, and a supporting band orribbon connected at one end to the upper carbon and passing around themovable pulley to the stationary drum, the two parts of the band onopposite sides of the pulley being substantially parallel, as and forthe purpose described.

2. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination, substantially as described,with a carbon for the lamp, of a movable pulley, a lever orsupporttherefor connected with the lifting-magnet of the lamp, a stationarytake-up drum, a band or ribbon connected to the carbon of the lamp andpassing around the movable pulley to the stationary drum, the two partsof the band on opposite sides of the pulley being substantiallyparallel, and a detentwheel geared to said drum, as and for the purposedescribed.

3. The combination, in an electric-arc lamp, of an upper-carbon carrier,aweight P,to which the carbon is attached, a ribbon or band attached atone end to said weight and passing up over a movable pulley which iscarried by a lever actuated by a magnet of thelamp, a stationary take-updrum mounted below said lever and having the end of the ribbon oppositethat connected to the weight wound upon it, and a detent for the drum,controlled by said lever.

4. The combination, with the carbon-carrier, of a movable pulley mountedon the arcforming lever,.the sustaining-band passing upfrom thecarrier,over said pulley, and down upon the opposite side, anindependentdrum mounted independently of the movable pulley, upon whichdrum said bandis Wound, a detent-Wheel connected to the drum, and adetent for said Wheel, controlled by the lever which carries the movablepulley.

5. In an electric-are lamp, the combination, substantially as described,of binding-posts supported beneath the lower plate of the lamp, a topplate for thelamp, having openings over the lamp mechinism normallyclosed by removable plugs or stoppers, and binding-posts Within the lampfor the attachment of wires passed through said openings.

6. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination, substantially as described,of a weight P, sustaining the upper carbon of the lamp, a pulley Bmounted on lever D a take-up drum C mounted on the frame of the lampindependently of the pulley B a cord orband A attached at one end to theWeight P and passing over the pulley and attached at its opposite end tothe take-up drums C mounted below the pulley B a detent-wheel geared tothe drum, and a detent therefor engaged by an arm or projection fromlever D 7. The combination, substantially as desoribed, in anelectric-are lamp, of a carbon carrier or support, a tube R, forming aguide and protection for the same, a plate '1, attached to the lower endof said guide, a cover-plate for the lamp, carrying rods or posts 1suspended from the top plate outside of the lam pcasing andindependently of such casing and the base-plate and extending downthrough the plate T, and a globe supported from the bottom of said rods1 and having its upper end arranged to meet the plate T.

Signed at New York, in the county of lVcst- Chester and State of NewYork, this 7th day of November, A.- D. 1888.

CHARLES GRIFFITH YOUNG. lVitn esses:

W. M. NORTON, O. F. PURDY.

